- Which security headers actually matter?
- Four carry most of the weight: Strict-Transport-Security so the first request of a session cannot go over http, Content-Security-Policy so injected script has nowhere to load from, X-Frame-Options or a frame-ancestors directive so nobody can frame your page and steal clicks, and X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff so the browser cannot guess a file into being script.
- Why does X-Robots-Tag matter for SEO?
- It does the same job as a meta robots tag, but in a header, so it never appears in the page source. A noindex delivered this way removes a page from search and is invisible to anyone reading the HTML, which is why it can sit unnoticed for months.
- What is a cache validator?
- An ETag or a Last-Modified header. It lets a returning browser ask whether anything changed and receive a 304 with no body, instead of downloading the whole page again. Without one, every revalidation is a full transfer.
- Why flag the Server header?
- Only when it carries a version number. Knowing you run a specific version tells an attacker which published exploits to try first. Naming the software without a version is normal and is not flagged.
- Do you check the headers of the URL I typed, or the one it redirects to?
- The one it redirects to. Headers on a 301 belong to the redirect, not to the page, so we follow the chain and report the destination. The number of hops is shown alongside.